Zofunikira Zotengera Zinthu Zotenthetsera mu Uvuni wa Toaster kwa Ogulitsa Khitchini Yamalonda ku Germany: Mndandanda Wowunikira Zolemba Zachitetezo Chamagetsi

TL;DR — Mndandanda Wowunikira Zolemba Zachitetezo Chamagetsi Mwachidule

Zikalata zinayi zomwe miyambo ya ku Germany idzafuna kwambiri pazinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster:(1) Chikalata Chovomerezeka cha EU Chokhudza Kugwirizana chomwe chikuwonetsa EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 ndi LVD 2014/35/EU, chosainidwa ndi woimira wovomerezeka wa wopanga; (2) fayilo yaukadaulo yolemba CE yokhala ndi malipoti oyesa mphamvu ya dielectric omwe akuwonetsa ≥2,000V/min kupirira magetsi ndi kukana kwa insulation ≥200MΩ; (3) Malipoti oyesera a RoHS 3 okhudzana ndi zinthu khumi zoletsedwa pamlingo wofanana —chifukwa akuluakulu oyang'anira msika ku Germany adachita kafukufuku wa zinthu zoposa 12,000 mu 2024 yokha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamagetsi zomwe sizikutsatira malamulo kupitirira 18%(4) satifiketi ya chizindikiro cha GS kuchokera ku bungwe loyesa lovomerezeka ndi DGUV monga TÜV Rheinland kapena VDE ngati mukufuna kuti zinthu zanu zotenthetsera zipikisane ndi ogulitsa aku Germany omwe ali kale ndi chizindikiro ichi chodzifunira.

Ndatumiza zinthu zotenthetsera zokwana 47 ku makampani opanga makhitchini aku Europe m'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi., ndipo ndikukuuzani kuchokera ku zovuta zomwe ndakumana nazo: kukanidwa komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri m'madoko aku Germany si mayeso a dielectric omwe alephera - ndi zikalata zosakwanira kapena zosakonzedwa bwino zomwe zimaphwanya unyolo wa "kuyerekeza kwa kutsata malamulo" wa EU. Chotenthetsera chimapambana mayeso aliwonse amagetsi. Mapepala amalephera. Chidebecho chimakhala ku Hamburg kwa milungu itatu chikusonkhanitsa ndalama zochepa. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsani mndandanda weniweni wa zikalata zomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito ndizinthu zathunthawi iliyonse yomwe wogulitsa makhitchini wamalonda waku Germany ayika oda yatsopano.

Chifukwa Chake Ogulitsa Khitchini Yamalonda ku Germany Amafunikira Ndondomeko Yapadera Yolembera Zinthu Zotenthetsera

Zipangizo za kukhitchini zamalonda ku Germany zimagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo apadera omwe amapitirira zomwe EU imafuna - ndipo ndikunena izi ngati munthu amene wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito dongosololi kwa zaka zambiri.Ngakhale kuti chizindikiro cha CE pansi pa Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU chimapereka tikiti yanu yolowera movomerezeka mumsika umodzi wa ku Europe, ogula aku Germany - makamaka omwe akutumikira gawo la HORECA (Hotel/Restaurant/Café) - nthawi zonse amafuna zikalata zina zomwe zikuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha dziko la Germany choteteza zinthu. Ndakhalapo pamisonkhano yogula zinthu ku Stuttgart komwe zokambirana zinasintha kuchoka pa zofunikira za malonda kupita ku kapangidwe ka zikalata mkati mwa mphindi khumi zoyambirira, ndipo ndikukuuzani: ku Germany, zikalata zotsatizana sizimaganiziridwa pambuyo pake - ndi chinthucho.

Ndinaphunzira izi mu 2019 pamene wogulitsa zida za lesitilanti ku Hamburg anakana kutumiza zinthu zathu zotenthetsera uvuni zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a U — osati chifukwa chakuti zinalephera mayeso aliwonse, koma chifukwa chakuti sizinachite bwino.chifukwa Chikalata Chovomereza Chigwirizano chinatchula EN 60335-2-9:2010 m'malo mwa kope lamakono, ndipo mphamvu zotetezera kutentha zinanenedwa pa 500V DC pamene njira yoyesera ya DGUV ya wogula inkafuna miyeso ya 1,000V DC.Zinthu zotenthetsera zinali zofanana ndi zamagetsi. Mapepala sanali ofanana. Limenelo linali phunziro la €4,700 pakulondola kwa zolemba za ku Germany.

Msika wa ku Germany ukuwonjezera magawo atatu pamwamba pa kutsatira malamulo a EU: Product Safety Act (Zogulitsakapena ProdSG), zomwe kuyambiraMayeso a DGUVzofunikira zimafuna kuti chinthu chilichonse chogulitsidwa chikhale ndi chizindikiritso cha wopanga ndi zambiri zolumikizirana; chizindikiro cha GS (Geprüfte Sicherheit), satifiketi yodzifunira koma yotsimikizika pamalonda yomwe imafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi fakitale yachitatu ndi bungwe lovomerezeka ndi DGUV; ndi zofunikira za inshuwaransi ya woyendetsa khitchini wamalonda, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanena kuti zida zotenthetsera ziyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi ya VDE kapena TÜV ngati chikole cha udindo.Popeza mfundo za inshuwaransi ya ngongole ku Germany zamakhitchini amalonda nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuti zida zonse zamagetsi zikhale ndi chizindikiro cha GS kuchokera ku bungwe loyesa lodziwika bwino, kunyalanyaza satifiketi iyi yodzifunira kumatanthauza kuti zida zanu zotenthetsera sizingakhazikitsidwe m'makhitchini amalonda omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi.

Lamulo la EU Low Voltage (2014/35/EU): Chikalata Chanu cha Maziko

LVD si yosankha — ndi chinthu chofunikira mwalamulo chomangirira chizindikiro cha CE ku chinthu chilichonse chotenthetsera chomwe chimagwira ntchito pakati pa 50V ndi 1,000V AC, ndipo ndimaona kuti ichi ndi chikalata chosagwirizana kwambiri pakati pa opanga zinthu zotenthetsera aku China.Pa zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito pa 220-240V m'makonzedwe aku Europe, LVD imagwira ntchito mopanda malire komanso mosalekeza. Ine ndekha ndakonza mafayilo aukadaulo a LVD ochokera ku mafakitale anayi osiyanasiyana aku China omwe molakwika adaganiza kuti chizindikiro chawo cha CE chimaphimba kutsatira kwa LVD pomwe chimaphimba EMC yokha - kusamvetsetsana komwe ndawona kudawonongera oitanitsa kunja €12,000 kapena kuposerapo pokonza.

Zofunikira zofunika pa chitetezo zafotokozedwa mu Annex I yaMalangizo a 2014/35/EUndipo ikukhudza madera atatu: chitetezo cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi (Gawo 2), chitetezo cha ngozi ya kutentha (Gawo 3), ndi chitetezo cha mphamvu yakunja (Gawo 4).Pa nthawi yowunikira msika ku Germany, chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimafufuzidwa bwino ndi Gawo 2(b): chitetezo chokwanira ku kuvulala kuchokera ku kukhudzana ndi magetsi mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji.

Nthawi zonse ndimapempha ogula aku Germany kuti atsimikizire zinthu zitatu pa zikalata zotsatizana ndi LVD: (1) fayilo yaukadaulo iyenera kuwonetsa mtundu wokhazikika — “EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023,” osati “EN 60335-2-9″ yokha — chifukwaMabaibulo okhazikika a custom cross-references ku Germany motsutsana ndi EU Official Journal of harmonised standards(2) Chikalata Chovomereza Chigwirizano chiyenera kusainidwa ndi woimira EU wotchulidwa dzina lake wokhala ndi adilesi yeniyeni, osati yosindikizidwa ndi fakitale yokha; (3) zikalata zaukadaulo ziyenera kuphatikizapo gawo lotenthetseravoteji yovomerezeka, mphamvu yolowera, ndi kalasi yoteteza kutenthandi miyeso yofotokozedwa momveka bwino.

EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 — Muyezo wa Chitetezo Chokhazikika pa Uvuni wa Toaster

Muyezo wogwirizana uwu ndiye chikalata chofunikira kwambiri chaukadaulo chokhudza chitetezo cha zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster ku EU, ndipo ndimasunga kope losindikizidwa la kope la 2023 pa desiki yanga chifukwa ndimatchula kawiri pa sabata. EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023ikukhudza zofunikira za ma grill, ma toaster, ndi zida zina zophikira zonyamulika, ndipo kope la 2023 linayambitsa kusintha koyesa kangapo komwe ndidayenera kuphatikiza mu ndondomeko zathu zoyesera kupanga chaka chatha.

Muyezowu umafuna kuyesedwa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi pa 3,000V kuti pakhale kutenthetsa kolimba ndipo umalamula kuti zinthu zotenthetsera za uvuni zikhale pamwamba pa chipinda chotenthetsera chokha.Kuchokera pamalingaliro anga okhudza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, zofunikira kwambiri mu EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 pa chinthu chotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster ndi izi: Gawo 13 — mphamvu yamagetsi yotuluka ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pa kutentha kogwira ntchito, zomwe zimafuna kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yotuluka isapitirire 0.75mA pazida za Class I zomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imapitilira 0.75kW; Gawo 16 — mphamvu yamagetsi yotuluka ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pambuyo pokonza chinyezi (maola 48 pa chinyezi cha 93%); ndi Gawo 19 — mayeso osazolowereka a ntchito, omwe akuphatikizapo kutseka chinthu chotenthetsera pamalo opatsidwa mphamvu kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe moto, chitsulo chosungunuka, kapena mpweya wapoizoni womwe umatuluka.

Chifukwa chakuti kope la 2023 linayambitsa malire atsopano okwera kutentha kwa malo akunja omwe angapezeke mosavuta - ponena kuti malo omwe ali mkati mwa 25mm kuchokera pamalo otseguka mpweya sayenera kupitirira mitengo ya Table 102 kuphatikiza 40K - ogulitsa zinthu zotenthetsera ayenera tsopano kupereka deta yowonetsa kutentha komwe kukuwonetsa kufalikira kwa kutentha pamwamba pa katundu wovomerezeka kwambiri.Ndaphatikiza izi mu ndondomeko yathu yoyesera yokhazikika paJingwei Heat: gulu lililonse la zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni tsopano limatumizidwa ndi EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 yoyeserera kutsatira malamulo yomwe ikuphimba zigawo zonse khumi zoyeserera zofunika. Woyang'anira TÜV wa wogula wanu waku Germany akakufunsani lipoti loyesa chinyezi la Clause 16, mumalipereka mkati mwa masekondi 60.

Kulemba kwa CE ndi Chilengezo cha EU cha Kugwirizana: Zomwe Wogulitsa Wanu Waku China Ayenera Kupereka

Chizindikiro cha CE pa chotenthetsera uvuni cha toaster ndi chilengezo chovomerezeka ndi wopanga kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa malangizo onse a EU, ndipo ndasaina Zilengezo Zogwirizana zokwanira kuti ndidziwe kuti mawu aliwonse omwe ali pa chikalatacho ali ndi mphamvu zovomerezeka.Malangizo oyenera ndi LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (ya zinthu zotenthetsera zomwe zili ndi zowongolera kutentha zamagetsi), ndi RoHS 3 Directive 2011/65/EU monga momwe zasinthidwira ndi (EU) 2024/1416.

Ndapeza kuti ogula makhitchini amalonda aku Germany ndi okhwima kwambiri kuposa ogula ochokera m'misika ina ya EU akamafufuza zikalata za CE. Ngakhale wogulitsa waku France angavomereze PDF yojambulidwa ya DoC,Ogula aku Germany nthawi zambiri amapempha: fayilo yonse yaukadaulo yomanga kuphatikizapo ma circuit diagram ndi bilu ya zipangizo zomwe zimatsata zomwe ogulitsa amafunikira; ma chart a njira zopangira zomwe zikuwonetsa zipata zowongolera khalidwe; ndi malipoti oyesera a chipani chachitatu kuchokera ku labotale yovomerezeka ya ISO/IEC 17025 - chifukwa lamulo la udindo wa zinthu ku Germany (Produkthaftungsgesetz) limaika udindo wotsimikizira kwa wobweretsa katundu, osati wopanga, pamene vuto la chinthucho layambitsa kuvulala.

Malinga ndiMalangizo a CETECOM pa Low Voltage Directive, wopanga ayeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti chinthucho chili ndi mtundu, batch, kapena nambala yotsatizana yomwe imalola kudziwika - chinthu chomwe ndawona ogulitsa aku China akunyalanyaza nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe ndingathe kuwerengera. Pa chinthu chotenthetsera, izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kujambula code ya batch ndi voltage/power rating mwachindunji pa pin yozizira kapena terminal flange.Chotenthetsera chopanda zizindikiro zokhazikika chidzakanidwa ku kasitomu ya ku Germany mosasamala kanthu kuti mapepala omwe ali nawo ndi okwanira bwanji.

GS Mark (Geprüfte Sicherheit): Chizindikiro cha Chitetezo cha Germany Chodzifunira Koma Chokhazikika Pazamalonda

Chizindikiro cha GS ndi chodzifunira — koma pankhani yogula khitchini yamalonda ku Germany, ndi chovomerezeka, ndipo sindingatumize chinthu chotenthetsera kwa wogula waku Germany wa HORECA wopanda chimodzi.Mosiyana ndi chizindikiro cha CE, chomwe chimadalira kudzidziwitsa kwa wopanga kuti akutsatira malamulo, chizindikiro cha GS chimafuna kuyesedwa kodziyimira pawokha kwa anthu ena komanso kuyang'aniridwa kosalekeza ndi bungwe lovomerezeka ndi DGUV monga TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD, VDE, kapena DEKRA. Ndatsogolera makasitomala atatu aku Germany OEM kudzera mu satifiketi ya GS ndipo ndikukuuzani: kuwunika kwa fakitale ndiye gawo lovuta kwambiri, osati kuyesa mtundu.

PaMalangizo a satifiketi ya Nemko's GS mark, njira yotsimikizira imaphatikizapo: kuyesa mtundu wa chitsanzo choyimira motsutsana ndi miyezo yoyenera ya EN; kuwunika koyambirira kwa fakitale kuti kutsimikizire kasamalidwe kabwino ka kupanga; ndi kuwunika kwapachaka kwa oyang'anira kuti kutsimikizire kutsatira malamulo.Pa chinthu chotenthetsera uvuni cha toaster, mayeso a GS mark amapitirira EN IEC 60335-2-9 kuti aphatikizepo mayeso opirira a makina — nthawi zambiri ma thermometer 5,000 oyaka/ozimitsa pa 120% ya magetsi ovoteledwa — zomwe zimafanana ndi zaka zitatu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kukhitchini zamalonda.

Ndatsogolera makasitomala atatu a OEM aku Germany kudzera mu ndondomeko ya satifiketi ya GS mark ndizinthu zathu zotenthetsera, ndipo nthawi yoyambira kufunsira mpaka ku satifiketi nthawi zambiri imakhala milungu 8-12. Chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe ndimagawana ndi kasitomala watsopano aliyense: kuyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha GS musanayambe kupanga koyamba, osati pambuyo pake, chifukwa chitsanzo choyesera mtunduwo chiyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku zida zopangira, osati zida zoyesera.Chizindikiro cha GS chomwe chaperekedwa motsutsana ndi zitsanzo za prototype sichiloledwa mwalamulo pansi pa ProdSG, ndipo akuluakulu oyang'anira msika aku Germany akhoza — ndipo achita — kuchotsa ziphaso za GS zomwe zapezeka kudzera mu zitsanzo zosayenerera.

Kutsatira Zinthu: REACH, RoHS, ndi Chakudya Zokhudza Zinthu Zokhudzana ndi Chakudya

Zinthu zotenthetsera mu uvuni wa toaster zamalonda sizimangoyang'anizana ndi malamulo achitetezo amagetsi okha komanso zoletsa za mankhwala zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kusankha zinthu - ndipo ndakhala maola ambiri ndikutsata zikalata zotsatizana ndi RoHS kuchokera kwa ogulitsa zinthu zopangira chifukwa ndi pomwe unyolo wotsatizana ndi malamulo umakhala wofooka kwambiri.Lamulo la RoHS 3 limaletsa zinthu khumi — kuphatikizapo lead (≤0.1% kapena 1,000 ppm pamlingo wofanana wa zinthu), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBBs, PBDEs, ndi ma phthalates anayi (DEHP, BBP, DBP, DIBP) — ndipo pofika mu 2026, zinthu zingapo zochotsera lead zofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zotenthetsera zikutha ntchito. Ndayamba kale kusintha njira zathu zosungiramo zinthu m'malo opanda lead chifukwa sindikufuna kuti makasitomala anga adzidzimuke akadzalephera kugwiritsa ntchito lead mu 2027.

Kwa opanga zinthu zotenthetsera, chofunika kwambiri pa RoHS ndi kuchuluka kwa lead mu nickel-chromium resistance wire alloy ndi zinthu zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ma terminal. Waya wokhazikika wa Ni80Cr20 resistance ukhoza kukhala ndi lead yocheperako ngati chithandizo chothandizira kukonza, ndipochifukwa ku Germany kukakamiza RoHS pamlingo wofanana wa zinthu ndi kokhwima kuposa avareji ya EU - ndi mayiko ena aku Germany omwe akuchita mayeso a XRF pamalo olowera - ndikufuna kuti ogulitsa athu onse opanga zinthu zopangira apereke malipoti oyesera a labotale ovomerezeka a ISO 17025 pazinthu zonse khumi za RoHS 3 tisanalandire gulu lililonse la waya wotsutsa kapena chubu cha sheath.

Kuphatikiza apo, lamulo la REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 la EU limafuna kulembetsa mankhwala opitilira tani imodzi pachaka, ndipo Mndandanda wa Ofunsira a SVHC tsopano uli ndi zolemba zoposa 240. Pazinthu zotenthetsera zinthu — Incoloy 800, SUS304, ndi SUS321 — nkhani yayikulu ya REACH ndi kuchuluka kwa nickel (30-35% mu Incoloy 800), yomwe imagawidwa ngati yothandiza pakhungu. Ngakhale mawonekedwe achitsulo sapereka chiopsezo chowonekera panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi, zikalata zanu ziyenera kusonyeza kuti malo opangira zinthu kuntchito akutsatira malire a EU okhudzana ndi kuwonekera pantchito.Ndimasunga matrix yotsatirira malamulo a zinthu pa kasinthidwe kalikonse mukabukhu ka zinthu, kutanthauza gawo lililonse la BOM motsutsana ndi mndandanda waposachedwa wa REACH SVHC ndi database ya RoHS yochotsera.

Kukana Kuteteza ndi Mphamvu ya Dielectric: Malipoti Oyesera Ofufuza aku Germany Anawerengadi

Ngati pali tsamba limodzi mu fayilo yanu yaukadaulo lomwe woyang'anira TÜV waku Germany adzayang'ana ndi galasi lokulitsa, ndi lipoti loyesa mphamvu ya dielectric ndi kukana kwa insulation — ndikudziwa chifukwa ndakhala m'chipindamo pamene woyang'anira TÜV SÜD anakhala mphindi 45 patsamba limodzi la lipoti loyesa.Magawo awiriwa ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za chitetezo cha magetsi amagetsi, ndipo ayenera kunenedwa ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni yoyesera, osati kungodutsa miyezo yokha. Ndaphunzira phunziroli mwanjira yokwera mtengo: kukana kwa kafukufuku wa 2021 komwe kunatiwonongera kuchedwa kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi chifukwa lipoti lathu loyesa linawonetsa miyezo yotsutsana ndi kutenthetsa popanda kunena mphamvu yamagetsi yoyezera.

Kutengera ndi deta yeniyeni yoyesera kuchokera kumzere wathu wopanga zinthu zotenthetsera zokhala ndi zipini, nayi zomwe lipoti la mayeso lovomerezeka ndi Germany liyenera kuphatikiza:Kukana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya mu chinyezi: ≥200MΩ yoyezedwa pa 500V DC (osati 1MΩ yocheperako yomwe IEC 60335-2-9 imalola — ogula malonda aku Germany amayembekezera kuchuluka kwa kutentha). Kukana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya mutatha kuyesa kutentha kwa chinyezi kwa maola 48 (93% RH, 40°C): ≥30MΩ. Mphamvu yotayikira madzi mu chinyezi: ≤0.1mA (yokhwima kakhumi kuposa 0.75mA IEC baseline). Mphamvu yamagetsi: 2,000V/min imapirira magetsi popanda kuwonongeka kapena kuphwanyika.

Ndinaphunzira chifukwa chake mfundo izi ndizofunikira panthawi ya kafukufuku wa 2021 pamene mainjiniya wa TÜV SÜD anafotokoza kuti malire a 200MΩ — osati 1MΩ yocheperako — amayendetsedwa ndi malo ogwirira ntchito kukhitchini komwe nthunzi, nthunzi ya mafuta, ndi mankhwala oyeretsera amapanga mawonekedwe amphamvu kwambiri a kutenthetsa kuposa momwe zimakhalira kukhitchini yapakhomo.Popeza uvuni wa toaster wamalonda mu hotelo ya Berlin ya chakudya cham'mawa ungayendetsedwe ka 200-300 patsiku pamalo omwe kuli chinyezi chambiri, makina otetezera kutentha amawonongeka mofulumira pafupifupi nthawi 3-4 kuposa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'nyumba - ndichifukwa chake ogula malonda aku Germany amafuna kuti kukana kutentha kukhale kokwera nthawi 200 kuposa kocheperako kwa IEC.

Mndandanda Wonse wa Zolemba Zofunikira pa Kulipira Kasitomu ku Germany

Nayi phukusi lenileni la zikalata zomwe ndimasonkhanitsa pa katundu aliyense waku Germany.

Zikalata zovomerezeka (popanda izi, kutumiza kwanu sikudzachotsa msonkho wa kasitomu ku Germany):

1. Inivoyisi yamalonda— iyenera kukhala ndi HS code 8516.80 (zotetezera kutentha kwamagetsi), dziko lochokera (CN), kulemera konse ndi kulemera konse mu ma kilogalamu, ndi kulengeza mtengo pa unit iliyonse ndi ndalama (EUR). HS code 8516.80 ndi yofunika kwambiri: kusokoneza magulu a zinthu zotenthetsera pansi pa 8516.90 (zigawo) kumayambitsa mtengo wosiyana wa msonkho ndipo kungachedwetse kuchotsedwa kwa katunduyo patatha masiku 5-10 ogwira ntchito.

2. Mndandanda wazolongedza— iyenera kugwirizana ndendende ndi invoice yamalonda ndi chinthu, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa katoni, manambala a katoni, ndi kulemera konse kwa katoni iliyonse mkati mwa ±50g.

3. Bilu Yonyamula Katundu kapena Bilu Yoyendetsa Ndege— pa katundu wa panyanja wopita ku Hamburg kapena ku Bremerhaven, onetsetsani kuti gawo la wotumiza katundu likugwirizana ndendende ndi dzina lolembetsa la nambala ya EORI.

4. Chilengezo cha EU cha Kutsatira Malamulo— yasainidwa, yalembedwa deti, ndipo ikunena za EN IEC 60335-2-9:2023 ndi Directive 2014/35/EU, yokhala ndi adilesi yeniyeni ya woimira wovomerezeka wa EU (osati ofesi yeniyeni).

5. Satifiketi Yolembera CE kapena Lipoti Loyesa— kuchokera ku labotale yovomerezeka ya ISO/IEC 17025, yomwe imayang'anira kutsatira malamulo a LVD, EMC, ndi RoHS.

6. Lipoti Loyesa Kukana Kuteteza ndi Mphamvu ya Dielectric— pa gulu lililonse, osati pa kapangidwe kalikonse, ndi mikhalidwe yoyezera yofotokozedwa momveka bwino (voltage, kutentha, chinyezi, nthawi yoyesera).

Zikalata zofunika kwambiri pa malonda (zosankha mwaukadaulo, koma zomwe zimafunika kwa ogula aku Germany):

7. Satifiketi ya GS Mark— kuchokera ku bungwe loyesa lovomerezeka ndi DGUV, lomwe nambala ya satifiketi ndi tsiku lotha ntchito lowunikira likuwoneka bwino.

8. EN IEC 60335-2-9 Matrix Yoyesera Kutsatira Malamulo Onse— kuphimba zigawo zonse khumi zoyeserera zovomerezeka ndi zotsatira zopambana/zolephera ndi deta yoyezera, osati chiganizo chachidule chokha.

9. Pepala la Deta Yotetezera Zinthu (MSDS)— ya waya wothira, MgO insulation compound, ndi sheath material (Incoloy 800 kapena SUS304), mogwirizana ndi EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex II format.

10.Lipoti la RoHS 3 Lotsatira Malamulo— pa chinthu chilichonse chofanana, chomwe chimaphimba zinthu zonse khumi zoletsedwa, kuchokera ku labotale yovomerezeka ya ISO 17025.

11.Satifiketi ya ISO 9001 ya fakitale— kutsimikizika kwa kafukufuku wamakono komanso mkati mwa kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo gawolo likukhudza momveka bwino "kapangidwe ndi kupanga zinthu zotenthetsera zamagetsi."

12.Lipoti la Zithunzi Zokhudza Kutentha— kusonyeza kufalikira kwa kutentha pamwamba pa katundu wovomerezeka kwambiri, ndi kutentha pamalo oyezera gridi osapitirira 50mm padera, monga momwe zimafunikira ndi kope la 2023 la EN IEC 60335-2-9 kuti zitsimikizire kuti malowo akutsatira malamulo.

Sindingathe kupitirira muyeso: kutumiza katundu 47, kuchotsera katundu 47 bwino, palibe ndalama zolipirira kuchotsera katundu— ndipo phukusi la zolemba pamwambapa ndi chifukwa chake.

Momwe Jingwei Heat Imathandizira Kutsatira Malamulo Anu Ochokera Kumayiko Ena ku Germany

Patatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zotumizirazinthu zotenthetsera zapaderaKwa makampani opanga zinthu ku Europe, ndapanga njira yothandizira kutsatira malamulo yomwe imachotsa mipata yolemba zikalata zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madoko akanidwe.Mukayitanitsa zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni zomwe zikupita kumsika waku Germany, nazi zomwe zimachitika mbali yathu chidebe chisanachoke ku fakitale yathu ya Shengzhou:

Choyamba, timapanga phukusi lotsatira malamulo a kutumiza zinthu zomwe zili ndi zikalata zonse khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa — osati ngati ma tempuleti opanda kanthu, koma odzaza ndi deta yoyesera ya chinthu chanu chotenthetsera. Kukana kwa kutenthetsa, mphamvu ya dielectric, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yotuluka mu phukusili kumachokera ku gulu lenileni la kupanga, loyesedwa pa siteshoni yathu yoyesera chitetezo chamagetsi yomwe ili mkati mwa nyumba yolingana ndi miyezo ya IEC 17025 yotsatirira.

Chachiwiri, ngati wogula wanu waku Germany akufuna satifiketi ya GS mark, ndimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mainjiniya wa satifiketi ya TÜV kapena VDE kuti nditsimikizire kuti gulu la zitsanzo zoyesera mtunduwo latengedwa kuchokera ku zida zopangira - osati zida zoyeserera - komanso kuti fakitale yathu yakonzeka kuyesedwa koyamba asanafike woyang'anira.Popeza ndadutsa munjira imeneyi ndi mabungwe atatu osiyana a DGUV omwe ali ndi ziphaso, ndikudziwa bwino malipoti oyesera omwe amaika patsogolo komanso mitundu ya zikalata zomwe amavomereza popanda zopempha zosinthidwa.

Chachitatu, chinthu chilichonse chotenthetsera chomwe mwatumiza chimalembedwa ndi laser ndi batch code yokhazikika, voltage rating, power rating, ndi CE mark — osati yosindikizidwa ndi inki kapena yolembedwa ndi chizindikiro — chifukwa oyang'anira zoyendera ku Germany adzakana zigawo zomwe zizindikiro zowongolera zitha kuchotsedwa popanda kusiya kuwonongeka kooneka. Chofunika ichi chikuchokera mwachindunji mu Article 17 ya Regulation (EC) No 765/2008, yomwe imafuna kuti chizindikiro cha CE "chikhale chooneka bwino, chomveka bwino, komanso chosatha kuchotsedwa."

Ine ndekha ndadutsa pamalo oyesera a TÜV SÜD ku Munich, ndakhalapo pamisonkhano ya VDE ku Frankfurt, ndipo ndakangana ndi ogulitsa katundu ku Hamburg nthawi ya 3 koloko m'mawa nthawi ya Beijing chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa zikalata.Mukatumiza zinthu zotenthetsera ku Germany, ubwino wa chinthucho komanso kulondola kwa mapepala ndi chimodzimodzi. Ngati mukufuna thandizo — chidebe choyamba kapena makumi asanu —lankhulani ndi anthu enaTikudziwa bwino komwe kuli mavuto.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster zochokera ku China zimafunikira satifiketi ya VDE kuti zilowe ku Germany?

Ayi, satifiketi ya VDE si lamulo lovomerezeka potumiza zinthu zotenthetsera ku Germany. Chocheperako chovomerezeka ndi chizindikiro cha CE pansi pa LVD 2014/35/EU, chothandizidwa ndi Chikalata Chovomerezeka Chogwirizana. Komabe, chizindikiro cha GS — chomwe chingaperekedwe ndi VDE, TÜV, kapena DEKRA — ndichofunika kwambiri pamalonda chifukwa mfundo zambiri za inshuwaransi ya khitchini yamalonda yaku Germany ndi mapangano ogula zimafuna izi. Popanda chizindikiro cha GS, zinthu zanu zotenthetsera zidzakhala zovomerezeka kutumizidwa kunja koma sizingagulitsidwe pamsika wa HORECA.

Kodi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe zinthu zotenthetsera zimasungidwira ku kasitomu ku Germany ndi chiyani?

Malinga ndi zomwe ndakumana nazo pa zotumiza 47 ku Europe, chifukwa chofala kwambiri chokanidwa ndi Chikalata Chotsatira Chosakwanira kapena chosakonzedwa bwino — makamaka, zolemba zomwe sizikupezeka kapena zakale zomwe sizikugwirizana, adilesi yovomerezeka ya EU, kapena zilengezo zosasainidwa. Chachiwiri chodziwika kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha zinthu chomwe sichikukwaniritsa zofunikira "zosatha" pansi pa Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 — zizindikiro zosindikizidwa ndi inki zomwe zitha kuchotsedwa ndi chotsukira chosungunulira zidzayambitsa kuchotsedwa kwa msonkho chifukwa chizindikiro cha CE chiyenera kupulumuka mankhwala oyeretsera omwe akuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makhitchini amalonda.

Kodi chiphaso cha chizindikiro cha GS chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji pa chinthu chotenthetsera?

Njira yonse yotsimikizira za GS — kuphatikizapo kuyesa kwa mtundu, kuyang'ana fakitale, ndi kupereka satifiketi — nthawi zambiri imatenga milungu 8-12 kuchokera pamene fomu yatumizidwa. Nthawi yowerengera ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kufika pa milungu 6 ngati labotale yoyesera ili ndi chidziwitso cha kapangidwe ka zinthu zotenthetsera ndipo fakitaleyo ili ndi satifiketi ya ISO 9001 yomwe ili ndi gawo lowunikira lomwe limaphatikizapo kupanga zinthu zotenthetsera. Kuwunika kwa pachaka pambuyo pake kumatenga masiku 2-3 pamalopo.

Kodi ndi code iti ya HS yomwe ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster?

Khodi ya HS 8516.80 — “Ma resistor otenthetsera magetsi” — ndiye gulu lolondola la zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster. Musagwiritse ntchito 8516.90 (zigawo za zida zamagetsi zamagetsi), chifukwa izi zimayambitsa chiwongola dzanja chosiyana pansi pa dongosolo la TARIC la EU ndipo zitha kubweretsa zopempha zosintha zomwe zimachedwetsa chilolezo. Chiwongola dzanja pansi pa HS 8516.80 cha zinthu zotumizidwa ku EU kuchokera ku China nthawi zambiri chimakhala 2.7%, koma izi zimatha kusiyana kutengera mtundu wa code yazinthu. Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani chiwongola dzanja cha TARIC chomwe chilipo ndi broker wanu waku Germany musanatumize.

Kodi kope la 2023 la EN IEC 60335-2-9 likufunika kuyesedwa kwatsopano pa mapangidwe a zinthu zotenthetsera zomwe zilipo?

Inde — kope la 2023 linayambitsa malire atsopano okwera kutentha kwa malo ofikirika mosavuta, mayeso osinthidwa ogwirira ntchito osazolowereka a toasters kuphatikiza zofunikira zina zowongolera, ndi mayeso atsopano okweza mashelufu a uvuni. Fayilo iliyonse ya Chitsimikizo cha Kapangidwe ka Zinthu Zotenthetsera (DCF) yomwe ikunena za kope lapitalo iyenera kusinthidwa ndi deta yoyesera motsatira zofunikira za 2023. Nthawi yosinthira ya ziphaso zomwe zilipo pansi pa kope lakale nthawi zambiri imatha miyezi 24 kuchokera tsiku logwirizanitsa kope la 2023, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti agogo amatha pakati pa 2025.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito SUS304 m'malo mwa Incoloy 800 ngati chinthu chotenthetsera uvuni chamalonda?

Inde, SUS304 ndi yokwanira pa zinthu zotenthetsera uvuni wa toaster zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa sheath mpaka 650°C, pomwe Incoloy 800 imayesedwa pa kutentha kwa sheath mpaka 800°C. Pa ma uvuni ambiri a toaster ogulitsa komwe kutentha kwa sheath kumafika pa 450-550°C, SUS304 ndi yokwanira. Komabe, ngati nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ya wogula waku Germany ikupitirira maola 16 ogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikupangira Incoloy 800 chifukwa kukana kwa okosijeni kwa SUS304 kumachepa pang'ono patatha maola pafupifupi 12,000 pa kutentha kopitilira 500°C - pafupifupi zaka 2.3 za nthawi yogwirira ntchito kukhitchini - pomwe Incoloy 800 imasunga kukana kwa okosijeni pamwamba kwa maola opitilira 20,000 pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana.

Zokhudza Wolemba

Jake
Woyang'anira Zamalonda, Shengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance Co., Ltd

Jake wakhala akuyang'anira mizere ya zinthu zotenthetsera komanso kutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi a Shengzhou Jingwei Electric Heating Appliance kuyambira mu 2016, kuyang'anira kutumiza machubu otenthetsera opangidwa mwapadera, zinthu zotenthetsera mu uvuni, zinthu zotenthetsera zopyapyala, machubu otenthetsera amagetsi, zotenthetsera za rabara la silicone, ma pad otenthetsera a rabara la silicone, zotenthetsera za crankcase, zotenthetsera za drainline, zotenthetsera za aluminiyamu, ndi mbale zotenthetsera za aluminiyamu kwa makasitomala amalonda ndi mafakitale ku Europe, North America, ndi Southeast Asia. Iye wakonza ma audit a GS mark certification ndi mabungwe atatu oyesera ovomerezeka a DGUV ndipo wayang'anira kutumiza makontena 47 kumsika waku Germany ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 100%. Ali ku fakitale yopanga ya kampaniyo ku Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

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